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Python module to interface with Tuya WiFi smart devices

Project description

Python module to interface with Tuya WiFi smart devices

Description

This python module controls and monitors Tuya compatible WiFi Smart Devices (Plugs, Switches, Lights, Window Covers, etc.) using the local area network (LAN). This is a compatible replacement for the pytuya PyPi module.

Tuya devices are designed to communicate with the TuyaCloud but most also expose a local area network API, allowing us to directly control the devices without using the cloud. This python module provides a socket based way to poll status and issue commands to these devices.

NOTE: This module requires the devices to have already been activated by Smart Life App (or similar).

TinyTuya Setup

Install pip and python modules if you haven't already.

The PyPI module will attempt to install pycryptodome if you don't have it. The modules pycrypto, Crypto or pyaes could be used instead.

Tuya Device Preparation

Controlling and monitoring Tuya devices on your network requires the following:

Address - The network address (IPv4) of the device e.g. 10.0.1.100
Device ID - The unique identifier for the Tuya device
Version - The Tuya protocol version used (3.1 or 3.3)
Local_Key - The security key created to encrypt and decrypt communication. Devices running the latest protocol version 3.3 (e.g. Firmware 1.0.5 or above) will require a device Local_Key to read the status. Both 3.1 and 3.3 devices will require a device Local_Key to control the device.

Network Scanner

TinyTuya has a built in network scanner that can be used to find Tuya Devices on your local network. It will show Address, Device ID and Version for each device.

Setup Wizard

TinyTuya has a built in setup Wizard that uses the Tuya IoT Cloud Platform to generate a JSON list (devices.json) of all your registered devices. This includes the secret Local_Key as well as the Name of each device.

Follow the instructions below to get the Local_Key:

Download the 'Smart Life' App, available for iPhone or Android. Pair all of your Tuya devices (this is important as you cannot access a device that has not been paired).
Run the TinyTuya scan to get a list of Tuya devices on your network along with their device Address, Device ID and Version number (3.1 or 3.3):
NOTE: You will need to use one of the displayed Device IDs for step 4.
Set up a Tuya Account:
- Create a Tuya Developer account on iot.tuya.com and log in.
- Click on 'Cloud' icon -> Create a project (remember the Authorization Key: API ID and Secret for below)
- Click on 'Cloud' icon -> select your project -> Project Overview -> Linked Device -> Link devices by App Account (tab)
- Click 'Add App Account' and it will display a QR code. Scan the QR code with the Smart Life app on your Phone (see step 1 above) by going to the 'Me' tab in the Smart Life app and clicking on the QR code button [..] in the upper right hand corner of the app. When you scan the QR code, it will link all of the devices registered in your 'Smart Life' app into your Tuya IoT project.
- IMPORTANT Under 'API Management' -> 'API Products' and ensure the API groups have status 'Subscribed': Smart Home Devices Management, Authorization and Smart Home Family Management (see screenshot here) - Make sure you authorize your Project to use these 3 API groups:
  - Click each of the API boxes
  - Click 'Projects' tab
  - Click 'New Authorization' button
  - Select your Project from the dropdown and click OK (see screenshot here)
Run Setup Wizard:
- From your Linux/Mac/Win PC run the TinyTuya Setup Wizard to fetch the Local_Keys for all of your registered devices:
- The Wizard will prompt you for the API ID key, API Secret, API Region (us, eu, cn or in) from your Tuya IoT project noted above. It will also ask for a sample Device ID. Use one from step 2 above or found in the Device List on your Tuya IoT project.
- The Wizard will poll the Tuya IoT Cloud Platform and print a JSON list of all your registered devices with the 'name', 'id' and 'key' of your registered device(s). The 'key's in this list are the Devices' Local_Key you will use to access your device.
- In addition to displaying the list of devices, Wizard will create a local file devices.json. TinyTuya will use this file to provide additional details to scan results from tinytuya.scanDevices() or when running python -m tinytuya to scan your local network.
- The Wizard will ask if you want to poll all the devices. If you do, it will display the status of all devices on records and create a snapshot.json file with the results.

Notes:

If you ever reset or re-pair your smart devices, the Local_Key will be reset and you will need to repeat the steps above.
The TinyTuya Wizard was inspired by the TuyAPI CLI which is an alternative way to fetch the Local_Keys: npm i @tuyapi/cli -g and run tuya-cli wizard
For a helpful video walk-through of getting the Local_Keys you can also watch this great Tech With Eddie YouTube tutorial: https://youtu.be/oq0JL_wicKg.

Programming with TinyTuya

After importing tinytuya, you create a device handle for the device you want to read or control. Here is an example for a Tuya smart switch or plug:

TinyTuya Module Classes and Functions

TinyTuya Error Codes

Starting with v1.2.0 TinyTuya functions will return error details in the JSON data responses instead of raising exceptions. The format for this response:

The 'Err' number will be one of these:

900 (ERR_JSON) - Invalid JSON Response from Device
901 (ERR_CONNECT) - Network Error: Unable to Connect
902 (ERR_TIMEOUT) - Timeout Waiting for Device
903 (ERR_RANGE) - Specified Value Out of Range
904 (ERR_PAYLOAD) - Unexpected Payload from Device
905 (ERR_OFFLINE) - Network Error: Device Unreachable
906 (ERR_STATE) - Device in Unknown State
907 (ERR_FUNCTION) - Function Not Supported by Device

Example Usage

See the sample python script test.py for an OutletDevice example or look in the examples directory for other scripts.

Encryption notes

These devices uses AES encryption which is not available in the Python standard library. There are three options:

PyCryptodome (recommended)
PyCrypto
pyaes (note Python 2.x support requires https://github.com/ricmoo/pyaes/pull/13)

Scan Tool

The function tinytuya.scan() will listen to your local network (UDP 6666 and 6667) and identify Tuya devices broadcasting their Address, Device ID, Product ID and Version and will print that and their stats to stdout. This can help you get a list of compatible devices on your network. The tinytuya.deviceScan() function returns all found devices and their stats (via dictionary result).

You can run the scanner from the command line using this:

By default, the scan functions will retry 15 times to find new devices. If you are not seeing all your devices, you can increase max_retries by passing an optional arguments (eg. 50 retries):

Troubleshooting

Tuya devices only allow one TCP connection at a time. Make sure you close the TuyaSmart or SmartLife app before using TinyTuya to connect.
Some devices ship with older firmware that may not work with TinyTuya. If you're experiencing issues, please try updating the device's firmware in the official app.
The LOCAL KEY for Tuya devices will change every time a device is removed and re-added to the TuyaSmart app. If you're getting decrypt errors, try getting the key again as it might have changed.
Some devices with 22 character IDs will require additional setting to poll correctly - here is an example:
Windows 10 Users - TinyTuya wizard and scan interactive tools use ANSI color. This will work correctly in PowerShell but will show cryptic escape codes when run in Windows CMD. You can fix this by using the -nocolor option on tinytuya, or by changing the Windows CMD console registry to process ANSI escape codes by doing something like this:

Tuya Data Points - DPS Table

The Tuya devices send back data points (DPS) also called device function points, in a json string. The DPS attributes define the state of the device. Each key in the DPS dictionary refers to key value pair, the key is the DP ID and its value is the dpValue. You can refer to the Tuya developer platform for definition of function points for the products.

The following table represents several of the standard Tuya DPS values and their properties. It represents data compiled from Tuya documentation and self-discovery. Devices may vary. Feedback or additional data would would be appreciated. Please submit a Issue or Pull Request if you have additional data that would be helpful for others.

Version 3.1 Devices

Version 3.1 - Plug or Switch Type

DP ID	Function Point	Type	Range	Units
1	Switch	bool	True/False
2	Countdown?	integer	0-86400	s
4	Current	integer	0-30000	mA
5	Power	integer	0-50000	W
6	Voltage	integer	0-5000	V

Version 3.1 - Light Type (RGB)

DP ID	Function Point	Type	Range	Units
1	Switch	bool	True/False
2	Mode	enum	white,colour,scene,music
3	Bright	integer	10-1000*
4	Color Temp	integer	0-1000*
5	Color	hexstring	r:0-255,g:0-255,b:0-255,h:0-360,s:0-255,v:0-255	rgb+hsv

Version 3.3 Devices

Version 3.3 - Plug, Switch, Power Strip Type

DP ID	Function Point	Type	Range	Units
1	Switch 1	bool	True/False
2	Switch 2	bool	True/False
3	Switch 3	bool	True/False
4	Switch 4	bool	True/False
5	Switch 5	bool	True/False
6	Switch 6	bool	True/False
7	Switch 7/usb	bool	True/False
9	Countdown 1	integer	0-86400	s
10	Countdown 2	integer	0-86400	s
11	Countdown 3	integer	0-86400	s
12	Countdown 4	integer	0-86400	s
13	Countdown 5	integer	0-86400	s
14	Countdown 6	integer	0-86400	s
15	Countdown 7	integer	0-86400	s
17	Add Electricity	integer	0-50000	kwh
18	Current	integer	0-30000	mA
19	Power	integer	0-50000	W
20	Voltage	integer	0-5000	V
21	Test Bit	integer	0-5	n/a
22	Voltage coe	integer	0-1000000
23	Current coe	integer	0-1000000
24	Power coe	integer	0-1000000
25	Electricity coe	integer	0-1000000
26	Fault	fault	ov_cr

Version 3.3 - Dimmer Switch

DP ID	Function Point	Type	Range
1	Switch	bool	True/False
2	Brightness	integer	10-1000*
3	Minimum of Brightness	integer	10-1000*
4	Type of light source1	enum	LED,incandescent,halogen
5	Mode	enum	white

Version 3.3 - Light Type (RGB)

DP ID	Function Point	Type	Range	Units
20	Switch	bool	True/False
21	Mode	enum	white,colour,scene,music
22	Bright	integer	10-1000*
23	Color Temp	integer	0-1000
24	Color	hexstring	h:0-360,s:0-1000,v:0-1000	hsv
25	Scene	string	n/a
26	Left time	integer	0-86400	s
27	Music	string	n/a
28	Debugger	string	n/a
29	Debug	string	n/a

Version 3.3 - Automated Curtain Type

DP ID	Function Point	Type	Range	Units
1	Curtain Switch 1	enum	open, stop, close, continue
2	Percent control 1	integer	0-100	%
3	Accurate Calibration 1	enum	start, end
4	Curtain Switch 2	enum	open, stop, close, continue
5	Percent control 2	integer	0-100
6	Accurate Calibration 2	enum	start, end
8	Motor Steer 1	enum	forward, back
9	Motor steer 2	enum	forward, back
10	Quick Calibration 1	integer	1-180	s
11	Quick Calibration 2	integer	1-180	s
12	Motor Mode 1	enum	strong_power, dry_contact
13	Motor Mode 2	enum	strong_power, dry_contact
14	Light mode	enum	relay, pos, none

Version 3.3 - Fan Switch Type

DP ID	Function Point	Type	Range	Units
1	Fan switch	bool	True/False	n/a
2	Fan countdown	integer	0-86400	s
3	Fan speed	enum	level_1, level_2, level_3, level_4, level_5
4	Fan speed	integer	1-100	%
5	Fan light switch	bool	True/False
6	Brightness integer	integer	10-1000
7	Fan light countdown	integer	0-86400
8	Minimum brightness	integer	10-1000
9	Maximum brightness	integer	10-1000
10	Mode	enum	white
11	Power-on state setting	enum	off, on, memory
12	Indicator status setting	enum	none, relay, pos
13	Backlight switch	bool	True/False

Version 3.3 - Sensor Type

Important Note:Battery-powered Tuya sensors are usually designed to stay in sleep mode until a state change (eg.open or close alert). This means you will not be able to poll these devices except in the brief moment they awake, connect to the WiFi and send their state update payload the the Tuya Cloud. Keep in mind that if you manage to poll the device enough to keep it awake, you will likely quickly drain the battery.

DP ID	Function Point	Type	Range	Units
1	Door Sensor	bool	True/False
2	Battery level state	enum	low, middle, high
3	Battery level	integer	0-100	%
4	Temper alarm	bool	True/False
5	Flooding Detection State	enum	alarm, normal
6	Luminance detection state	enum	low, middle, high, strong
7	Current Luminance	integer	0-100	%
8	Current Temperature	integer	400-2000
9	Current Humidity	integer	0-100	%
10	Shake State	enum	normal, vibration, drop, tilt
11	Pressure State	enum	alarm, normal
12	PIR state	enum	pir, none
13	Smoke Detection State	enum	alarm, normal
14	Smoke value	integer	0-1000
15	Alarm Volume	enum	low, middle, high, mute
16	Alarm Ringtone	enum	1, 2, 3, 4, 5
17	Alarm Time	integer	0-60	s
18	Auto-Detect	bool	True/False
19	Auto-Detect Result	enum	checking, check_success, check_failure, others
20	Preheat	bool	True/False
21	Fault Alarm	fault	fault, serious_fault, sensor_fault, probe_fault, power_fault	Barrier
22	Lifecycle	bool	True/False
23	Alarm Switch	bool	True/False
24	Silence	bool	True/False
25	Gas Detection State	enum	alarm, normal
26	Detected Gas	integer	0-1000
27	CH4 Detection State	enum	alarm, normal
28	CH4 value	integer	0-1000
29	Alarm state	enum	alarm_sound, alarm_light, alarm_sound_light, normal
30	VOC Detection State	enum	alarm, normal
31	VOC value	integer	0-999
32	PM2.5 state	enum	alarm, normal
33	PM2.5 value	integer	0-999
34	CO state	enum	alarm, normal
35	CO value	integer	0-1000
36	CO2 Detection State	enum	alarm, normal
37	CO2 value	integer	0-1000
38	Formaldehyde Detection State	enum	alarm, normal
39	CH2O value	integer	0-1000
40	Master mode	enum	disarmed, arm, home, sos
41	Air quality index	enum	level_1, level_2, level_3, level_4, level_5, level_6

NOTE (*) - The range can vary depending on the device. As an example, for dimmers, it may be 10-1000 or 25-255.

Tuya References

Tuya Hardware Development - Protocol: https://developer.tuya.com/en/docs/iot/device-development/embedded-software-development/mcu-development-access/wifi-mcu-sdk-solution/tuya-cloud-universal-serial-port-access-protocol?id=K9hhi0xxtn9cb
TuyaMCU listing of Tuya DP IDs: https://tasmota.github.io/docs/TuyaMCU/#switches-or-plugspower-strips

Tuya Camera App

Credits

TuyaAPI https://github.com/codetheweb/tuyapi by codetheweb and blackrozesFor protocol reverse engineering, additional protocol reverse engineering from jepsonrob and clach04
PyTuya https://github.com/clach04/python-tuya by clach04The origin of this python module (now abandoned), nijave pycryptodome support and testing, Exilit for unittests and docstrings, mike-gracia for improved Python version support, samuscherer for RGB Bulb support, magneticflux for improved Python version support, sean6541 for initial PyPi package and Home Assistant support https://github.com/sean6541/tuya-homeassistant, ziirish - for resolving a dependency problem related to version numbers at install time
https://github.com/rospogrigio/localtuya-homeassistant by rospogrigioUpdated pytuya to support devices with Device IDs of 22 characters

Related Projects

https://github.com/sean6541/tuyaapi Python API to the web api
https://github.com/codetheweb/tuyapi node.js
https://github.com/Marcus-L/m4rcus.TuyaCore - .NET
https://github.com/SDNick484/rectec_status/ - RecTec pellet smokers control (with Alexa skill)
https://github.com/TradeFace/tuyaface - Python Async Tuya API

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